Dummy (pacifier)

A dummy, known as a pacifier in North American usage and a soother in some regions, is a rubber or silicone teat offered to a baby for non-nutritive sucking. The Lullaby Trust states: "Using a dummy during sleep can lower the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)." The exact mechanism is not yet understood: "We don't yet know exactly what it is about a dummy that lowers the risk."

When and how should a dummy be used?

The Lullaby Trust advises offering a dummy at every sleep rather than occasionally: "Offer the dummy for every sleep, not just occasionally." If the dummy falls out during sleep, it does not need to be replaced. The Lullaby Trust also recommends using an orthodontic dummy that "adapts to your baby's mouth shape," and cautions against applying sweet substances such as honey, using dummy cords or attachments, or offering a dummy during awake time.

What guidance applies to breastfeeding families?

The Lullaby Trust advises parents who are breastfeeding to "wait until breastfeeding is well established — usually when your baby is around four weeks old" before introducing a dummy, to avoid interference with breastfeeding establishment. An exception applies for premature babies or those undergoing certain medical procedures: The Lullaby Trust notes that in these situations "medical professionals suggest using dummies before breastfeeding has been established," and professional guidance should be followed.

When should dummy use stop?

The Lullaby Trust recommends gently stopping dummy use "between six and 12 months — to avoid problems caused by longer term use, such as misaligned teeth and ear infections." The NHS notes that research suggests dummies can help lower the risk of SIDS and recommends parents consider their use to settle a baby to sleep.