Hand expressing

Hand expressing — also called hand expression — is the technique of using the hands to compress the breast and release milk. The NHS outlines the method: form a "C" shape with the forefinger and thumb a few centimetres back from the nipple, squeeze gently in a rhythmic press-and-release motion, and move the position around the breast as flow slows. The Breastfeeding Network similarly describes placing thumb and fingers 2–3 centimetres from the nipple and pressing "gently... release your fingers and repeat in a rhythmic movement."

When is hand expressing particularly useful?

The NHS identifies hand expressing as especially valuable in the early days or weeks of breastfeeding, when some parents find it easier than a pump; for relieving engorgement; when a pump or electricity supply is unavailable; and for targeting specific areas of the breast, such as with a blocked duct. La Leche League GB notes that "Mothers usually get more milk using hand expression alone or combined with pumping than using just a pump," particularly in the early postpartum period.

How is hand expressing used antenatally?

From around 36 weeks of pregnancy, hand expressing can be used to harvest colostrum for storage. La Leche League GB advises expressing for only three to five minutes antenatally — "just until you have a few drops of colostrum" — as a baby's first feed requires no more than a teaspoonful. Colostrum may be collected into a small container or syringe and refrigerated or frozen for use after birth.

How should expressed breastmilk be stored?

The NHS advises that expressed breastmilk can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 8 days at 4°C or lower (3 days if temperature is uncertain), in an ice compartment for 2 weeks, or in a freezer at −18°C or lower for up to 6 months. Containers should be sterilised before use and milk should be labelled with the date.